北京市交通微环境汽车尾气污染的浓度特征
2013-04-19 16:10:01 益择发布L,‘丁染的浓度特征
杜穰1,傅立新P,邱月明2,金陶胜3(1.清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084;2.斯坦福大学土木与环境
工程系,美国加利福尼亚州94305;3.南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071)
摘要:对北京市典型交通微环境中(包括公交车站,公交车内以及小轿车内)的汽车尾气污染物CO、NO、NO:和PM2_5浓度进行了监测.结
果表明,NO、co和PM25在交通微环境中的浓度分布相似,均为公交车内浓度最高,公交车站浓度最低.NO:为公交车内浓度最高小轿车内
浓度最低.公交车内CO的早高峰浓度要显著高于晚高峰浓度,普通公交车内的CO、NO和NO:浓度均低于空调车.良好的通风条件可以显
著改善公交车车内空气质量.对小轿车车内浓度的影响因素分析表明,选择车流量平峰时段出行、恰当的保养维护车辆、在车辆拥堵区域
使用内循环通风模式可以有效地降低车内污染水平.
关键词:浓度特征;交通微环境;CO:No。;PM2 5:尾气污染
中图分类号:X831 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-6923(2009)01-0026-05
Investigation on vehicular pollution level in various transport micro-environments in Beijing.DU Xuanl.FU
Li—xin卜,QIU Yue·min92,JIN Tao-shen93(1.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,
Beijing 100084,China;2.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University,California 94305,
USA;3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China).China
Environmental Science,2009,29(1):26-30
Abstract:The air pollution concentration features of vehicular pollution in Beijing were investigated.CO,NO,N02 and
PM2.5 were monitored in typical transport microenvironments,including bus stop,in-bus and in·cal.The distribution of
NO,PM2.5 and CO concentration in microenvironments was similar.The concentrations in bus were highest,at bus stop
were lowest.In bus,the CO Was higher in the morning peak hours than in the afternoon peal【hours.Meanwhile,CO,NO
and N02 were lower in conventional buses than in air-conditioned ones,this revealed that ventilation could improve
in-bus air quality significantly.The analysis on influence factors to concentrations in cars showed that traveling in level
hours,good maintenance,and using inner-circulation mode in traffic jam areas could reduce in·vehicle pollution level
effectively.
Key words:concentration feature;traffic micro-environment;CO;N0l;PM2.5;vehicular pollution
随着机动车保有量的持续增长,机动车排放
物已成为我国城市大气污染的主要来源【l。2J.由
于机动车近地面排放,街道峡谷的地形条件以及
微气候特征均会影响污染物的传输扩散,产生局
地空气污梨31.CO和NOx是机动车贡献率较大
并对人体健康造成威胁的气体污染物.大气中町
吸入颗粒物尤其是细颗粒物PM2.5对人体健康的
影响越来越受到重视.有关研究表明14J,公交车
站、十字路口、机动车内等交通微环境中CO、
Nq、颗粒物浓度远高于城区平均水平.
国内外学者对机动车源贡献率较大的大气
污染物在交通微环境的特征均有所研究15-101.本
研究通过污染物浓度监测,分析北京市典型交通
微环境中汽车尾气污染物的浓度特征.同时,根据
监测结果初步提出交通环境中污染控制措施,以
期降低人群在汽车尾气中暴露的健康风险.
1材料与方法
1.1采样与分析方法
选择CO、NO、N02以及PM2.5作为监测
指标.
收稿日期:2008-04—01
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项Ij(50778100
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